How The Roman Catholic Church s Stance On Peaceful...

Conversion in Medieval Iberia can invoke ambivalent feelings. Christians originally wanted to convert Jews and Muslims through kind words and religious teachings from the Bible. This idea, nevertheless, evolved over the centuries and Christians began converting non-believers through violence and compulsion. Also, even after individuals were converted, Christians did not fully trust their motivations, and believed they would remiss into their old religions. While Marian miracles did help alleviate these tensions, a number of vicious acts were committed against Jews and Muslims during this time period. In this essay, I am going to examine the idea of conversion from the Christian perspective, and how Christians were able to tempt Jews and Muslims to convert. I am also going to compare the contradictory nature of converting through peaceful and violent means. This comparison will showcase how the Roman Catholic Church s stance on peaceful conversion was overcome by local Christian commu nities. Conversion is the act of changing one s religion to another religion. During the twelfth to fifteenth century in Medieval Iberia, a number of Jews and Muslims converted to Christianity. To Christians, conversions represented the elimination of dangerous enemies and the ongoing triumph of the new Israel. Christians viewed themselves as the chosen people, as they believed that Jesus Christ died on the cross to save them, and formed a new covenant, while the Jews spurned him andShow MoreRelatedThe Catholic Church s Stance On Peaceful Conversion1587 Words   |  7 PagesConversion to Christianity in Medieval Iberia invoked ambivalent feelings among Christians at the time. Christians in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries intended to convert Jews and Muslims through kind words and religious teachings from the Bible. This idea of peaceful conversion, nevertheless, evolved and Christians began converting non-believers through violence and compulsion. Also, even after indivi duals were converted, Christians did not always fully trust their motivations, and believedRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pageslate twentieth century, its apparatus of cultural formation was controlled fully by the elite who, to a large extent, ran the educational apparatus and the economic system. But much of the country was beginning to question in earnest the structure of colonial society by the early 1930s. The emergence of Rasta during that period corresponds with so much that was happening around the world. Rastas could tell that social unrest in Jamaica was going to lead to a movement away from colonial rule andRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesBrier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M

The Life Of Charles Dickens A Christmas Carol - 1062 Words

The Victorian Period lasted from 1832 to 1901 under Queen Victoria’s reign. The culture revealed in this era was a time of rapid change, social inequality, industrialization, supernatural and religious beliefs, and was accurately reflected in the works of Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol. Roles of men and women were strictly defined, as were economic statuses. The hustle and bustle of the streets led to illnesses. Working conditions were destitute and unsanitary. Children often had little to no education, unless very fortunate. New advancements in technology arose, after the industrialization of the United Kingdom began. As a result of Queen Victoria’s reign, a strict division between social classes was defined. The working class†¦show more content†¦The cotton, coal, trade, and ship-building industries were booming. Aside from shaping the historical reality of the time, Dickens represented narrative pathways, perspectival frames, and models of behavior that guided his modern society audience towards finding their places in a rapidly changing industrial age(Fiske). He wrote the entertaining novella, A Christmas Carol, as an escape from the world of modernity, into a world of spirituality. Regarding the religious beliefs in the Victorian Period, Victorians were primarily characterized by Christianity. The term â€Å"Victorian† is familiar with social decorums that encompass strong religious customs(Coleman). As a product of industrialization, the traditional British Christmas we know today is not found in the midsts of history(Flanders). Charles Dickens was partially responsible for Victorian England’s regained Christmas spirit. He reflected the themes of redemption, fa mily, merriness, and Christmas spirit in his narrative. For example, â€Å"The Spirits of all Three shall strive within me. Oh, Jacob Marley! Heaven and the Christmas Time be praised for this! I say it on my knees, old Jacob, on my knees!,† Dickens demonstrated Scrooge’s redemption and new found Christmas spirit(Dickens 82). Religion during the Victorian Period had a vast impact on Dickens’ writing, he wrote stories through his belief in Christianity. In addition to strong religious beliefs, Victorians turned to supernatural ways of reasoning. DueShow MoreRelatedCharles Dickens A Great Writer1105 Words   |  5 PagesOctober 2015 Remembering Charles Dickens Charles Dickens is a famous author who wrote numerous books which were enjoyed by many throughout the years. His books are known xquisite characters and real-life settings. Charles experienced difficult times as a young boy (â€Å"Charles Dickens† par. 7). These difficult times followed him throughout his life. He uses ideas from these struggles to express his feelings through the books he writes. The many struggles of Charles Dickens’ early childhood greatlyRead MoreCharles Dickens and A Christmas Carol1613 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Dickens and A Christmas Carol: Famed British author, Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812, in Portsmouth, England. He was the second of eight children, living in a poor neighborhood in London. His parents were John Dickens, a naval clerk, who always lived beyond his means. Married to his mother Elizabeth Dickens, who aspired to be a teacher and a school director. Dickens went to William Giles’ school in Chatham, Kent, for approximately one year before his father’s money habitsRead MoreCharles Dickens: Carrying a Burden of Social Responsibility705 Words   |  3 PagesCharles Dickens: Carrying a Burden of Social Responsibility Charles Dickens’ classic novella A Christmas Carol, focuses on the social responsibility of the wealthy to help the poor and less fortunate. Dickens, having lived in poverty as a child, knew of the many struggles of the lower class of London. As an author, he made it his goal to reform England as best he could. Many of his works ran in his weekly journal, Household Words, including Christmas Stories and Great Expectations. In a ChristmasRead MoreSocial Criticism In A Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens765 Words   |  4 Pagesbehind the world renowned classic, A Christmas Carol. Charles Dickens, born on February 7, 1812, spent the first nine years of his life living in southeast England with his father John, who was kind and likable man, although financially irresponsible. After moving to London, the twelve-year-old Dickens had his father arrested and set to debtors’ prison where his mother moved seven of their children, but arranged for Charles to live alone outside t he prison. Charles spent three traumatic years away fromRead MoreCharles Dickens s Life And Life878 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Dickens was an adored, creative and respected British author of several literary pieces that are at this time are referred as classics. He was born on February 7, 1812, in Portsmouth which is located on the southern coast of England. Charles Dickens had a very rough upbringing. He didn’t have the ordinary life a child has. Between seven brothers and sisters he was the second born. His parents raised them together until his father whose name was John had accumulating amounts of debts whichRead MoreA Lack of Charity Essay example1718 Words   |  7 PagesIn Charles Dickens’s books, Oliver Twist and A Christmas Carol, the theme of lack of charity is pronounced. Throughout Oliver Twist, society turns a â€Å"cold shoulder† to those in need of help (Miller 30). The Victorian England society prohibits inhabitants of the lower social realms from moving up in society. Rarely do lower class members receive attention, and the attention they do receive is far from par (Reeves). Ebenezer Scrooge, the main character of A Christmas Carol, learns to be charitableRead MoreAnalysis Of A Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens1395 Words   |  6 PagesMore than Just a Novel for the Christmas Season Christmas, the most joyous season of the year for many Christians. Yet, in the early Victorian era many industry and business leaders started to emerge as people who lacked the spirit of giving of kindness, particularly around Christmas. Charles Dickens, in eighteen forty-three penned a novel that to this day is one of the most beloved books of the Christmas season. Many view the book only as a seasonal novel to read as a young child or even an adultRead MoreEssay on The Personality of Scrooge1338 Words   |  6 PagesEbenezer Scrooge is the major character in the story, A Christmas Carol written by Charles Dickens. A Christmas Carol is about how a â€Å"cold-hearted, tight fisted, selfish† money grabbing man is offered an opportunity of a life time, to change his behaviour, attitude... to have a second chance in life. The theme of this novella is to look at the good you do in life and how it carries over after your death. The moral of the book is; People can make changes in their lives whenever they really wantRead MoreThe Personality of Scrooge Essay example1341 Words   |  6 PagesEbenezer Scrooge is the major character in the story, A Christmas Carol written by Charles Dickens. A Christmas Carol is about how a â€Å"cold-hearted, tight fisted, selfish† money grabbing man is offered an opportunity of a life time, to change his behaviour, attitude... to have a second chance in life. The theme of this novella is to look at the good you do in life and how it carries over after your death. The moral of the book is; People can make changes in their lives whenever they really wantRead MoreScrooges Transformation in Dickens A Christmas Carol Essay1319 Words   |  6 PagesEbenezer Scrooge is the major character in the story, A Christmas Carol written by Charles Dickens. A Christmas Carol is about how a â€Å"cold-hearted, tight fisted, selfish† money grabbing man is offered an opportunity of a life time, to change his behaviour, attitude... to have a second chance in life. The theme of this novel is to look at the good you do in life and how it carries over after your death. The moral of the book is; People can make changes in their lives whenever they really want to

Health and Safety at Workplace Increasing Industrialization

Question: Describe about the Health and Safety at Workplace for Increasing Industrialization. Answer: Introduction to health and safety at work Increase in industrialization has increase the risk for workers. Health and safety at work are based on law prepared by the organization. A good health and safety system leads to participation, leadership and accountability to business and workers. The main purpose of health and safety at workplace is that the workers and employers should be given highest level of protection. It is mandatory by law of governance to focus on the health of workers. It is recommended to protect the workers and employers against their health and welfare by minimizing the risk at workplace. There should be co-operation between the employers and workplace representation should be fairly maintained for resolution of the issues. Physical and mental state of workers is maintained in the organization. Information should be provided, appropriate training must be given and proper advice should be provided related to health and safety at work. Participation is mandatory for both workers and employees in the training program in order to achieve healthy environment. Workers spend their whole time in the organization so it is important to keep the environment safe. To secure the employees safety measure in adherence to the act with appropriate recommendation is provided. An object is provided for the improvement and to achieve the higher standards of health and safety. Health and safety at workplace is mandatory for all businesses for both small and large scale businesses without levying any cost to the organization. Allowing the staff to work in the way they fit. Employers with the better work balance are likely to work harder and stay with the organization for a longer period of time (Elsler, 2012). Focus on Specific Area The first activity is focus on health and safety at workplace. This activity is the part of an employee health and safety improvement. Programs are organized to achieve a healthy and better life. Workers participation is compulsory and sharing information about health and safety. There are certain rules and regulations framed by the organization which requires adhering to certain duties. Combined rule at workplace for the use of hazardous substance. Government agencies are appointed for designing safety functions. Health and safety at work doesnt apply to someone who is self employed, not an employee of the organization. Health and safety at work sets some general duties towards employers and employees at the work place. The duty of the employers and employees to protect the people from risk which arise out of health and safety, for example: clients and customers. Importance of Research Te key factor in health and safety is that it applies to all who are at work. There are certain exceptions where health and safety doesnt apply. Health and Safety is not just about following the law but being socially responsible as well. Corrective measures taken on health and safety reduce accident and losses. And t also makes good business sense. An organizational workplace must have acceptable standards of behaviour for all employees, how the work is to be carried out which can affect the workers and others which are related to certain duties at the workplace. An organization is a place where work is done in a systematic manner on a particular period of time. Young people might be at risk because they lack experience and judgement and they need better advice and supervision. Theoretical and Practical Significance of the Research Understanding the risk assessment and management used in organization. It needs to perform risk assessment of various occupational health and safety. To monitor the safety rules with international and national standards and highlighting the incident reporting. Actions plans need to be developed. Ethical values are considered n occupational health and safety. The authors have suggested that relation between checking and personality should be explored. There are many factors which influence health care checking procedures and checking performance. Findings Checking is a part of personality and behaviour of every human activity. There are several psychological factors related to patient are safety measures, responsibility which are important to health and safety. Areas that are Missing in Existent Literature, and the Research Aims to Investigate Research has been done that employees should be given training related to safety measures at workplace to avoid any circumstances which will rise out of working environment. It is about the work which can create impact on workers health and the way the health can create impact on them working safely. Health condition may include physical and mental state of a person for their illness. Training programs must be conducted every six months so that every employee will considered them safe in the working environment. . There are certain obligations in the organization are that whosoever creates the risk will manage the risk. Focus on work related health is about the interaction between the employers work and their health is discussed in the training. General to Specific Discussion It has been studied that assessing the risk and to act on the identified risk so that it can be reduced. Workers are provided with the training and information about health and safety. Experienced supervisor must be appointed to look after the workplace. (Regulation 3) Problem Statement According to the research it has been evaluated that training is the main part for employees in an organization. There are limited source of existing data to identify the personnel and employees safety. To identify the hazards and the task which are not in a systematic manner is necessary. To keep a note on the programs which are organized meet the requirements of the employees. Members of the army carrying out operational activities, a person who is not the member of the armed forces but support them to carry out operational activities and any military or navy carrying out operational activities. All types of business and working activities are covered under health and safety work for example relationship between franchisor and franchisee that the policies and procedures are developed to ensure the conformance by both the parties. The main duty is to ensure health and safety which includes: how will the risk occur and what the probability are of risk getting occurred, how difficult the harm might occur from dangerous risk, taking preventive measures to minimize risk and cost of minimizing the risk. Literature Review Health and safety measures should be checked regularly as to make the changes accordingly. Discussion must be done on regular basis with the employees to identify the issues, check the feedback and updating the status of the procedure. Managing safety at workplace starts with three steps. There are four types of duty holders under safety measures. First is the person conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU) which may be in group, individual or organizations. A sole trader can also be a PCBU. The main duty of PCBU is to ensure health and safety which includes: how will the risk occur and what the probability are of risk getting occurred, how difficult the harm might occur from dangerous risk, taking preventive measures to minimize risk and cost of minimizing the risk (Oeij, Nicolescu Elsler, 2012) (2012). Secondly workers have their own health and safety to take care of them. Workers may be employees, managers. Lastly other persons at workplace include visitors they also have their own health and safety at the work place. Overall Trend Discovered after Thorough Literature Review: From the review it was being observed that what the cause of the harm was. Some may be very common to the organization. It is a legal requirement to discuss the safety rules with them as they are the responsible people who are going to do the job and contribute to the organization. There is need to ask them about the tasks if in case they are finding it difficult and listening to their ideas (Hughes Ferrett, 2015). Looking into every task at workplace and finding the cause. All injuries are not immediate but some are developed immediately and some are caused by the objects that are hidden and suddenly they overcome. Going through the past records which my show the problem from where does it has arrived (Pena, Wismar Cook, 2013). Summary of the Articles Reviewed: It has been reviewed that the most vital role played is giving mandatory trainings to employees on health and safety. Providing safe environment is the main priority for productivity. Regular health check-ups must be conducted for the benefit of the employees. Research about the Specific Organization: According to the study it has been identified that centre of ergonomics are the international leaders in research practice of employees for the staff. There are different types of safety measures and training provided to the employees. Main purpose is to cover the objectives and scope which can be explained and descriptive in nature. Following points are covered under the organization: Assess the Risk Once we have done with the hazards we need to overcome with cause of injury or disease. Employers and employees need to supervise regularly about the cause to avoid the rise for other hazardous things (Niebel, 2013). Fix the Problems The primary need is to remove the risk totally. For example the risk involves dangerous chemical so the safer way is to replace the chemical with any other material. If there is no possibility of removing risk totally than new methods should be found out to do the jobs or change the procedure. Talking to the different people of different organization and to see how they have handled the similar problem. In this entire process there must be involvement of employees. These three steps are mandatory for business or organization but they are also mandatory by law as well. Training the Staff Before starting the work the staff needs to be trained properly n an effective manner to work safely. Record must be kept of the staff about who is trained and who is not. Regularly reviews are done of all work practices done by staff. Before any work a photocopied leaflet must be provided to the staffs that describes what exactly is to be done in regards of safety and health. It should be monitored that they have understood. Details of the Gaps: The training programs incur the cost which directly increases the revenue of the organization. But increase in revenue doesnt mean the growth of skills of employees but the level of satisfaction of employees is important. Emergency Situations: This is the main part of safety rule. Instructions are provided to the employees to identify emergency situation, all the relevant information related to emergency and evacuation should be posted at the workplace (Goetsch, 2013). Any serious incident is to be reported immediately. There are emergency contact provided to the employees at time of induction and also they are evacuated at the workplace. Monitoring Health of the Employees Regular health checkups needs to be arranged by the organization for an employee so find out whether the employee is not getting harmed by the hazardous objects due to noise or certain objects. Records are to be maintained of all medical checkups which play important role to improve the safety of the organization. Most of the things discussed are not new and mostly all things are done but the important thing is to get organized. Health and safety is not a separate issue but it is an important part if the organization in managing the business. Giving attention and by providing the resources the desired result is achieved. Avoiding injuries is the important thing and good safety and health can figure out the companys margin. There are certain rules and legal obligations about health and safety which needs to be achieved otherwise the employee may be fined There is great Hazardous example related to Manual Handling. Moving a stock in manufacturing company, carrying parts in the factory or picking the bundle of files, every job in every industry or organization involves manual handling (Taris, 2014). This may lead to employees risk, serious back pains and injuries. This is the major health and safety issue severe back pains and injuries may lead to the loss of work and loss of work may leads to loss of business as well. So this is where the three steps come into existence. First is to make the list of manual handling tasks and exclude all which are likely to cause risk to the workers. Include anything which requires lifting, pulling and carrying. Second is the risk where the list is prepare of manual handling task and rank is given to those by which there is a great harm. After they are ranked than they are put into safety action plan. If these activities are creating a serious loss to the organization then it has to be stopped immediately (Oeij, Nicolescu Elsler, 2012). Manual handling problems vary from one industry to other. Industry may be different and the problems of reducing risk of manual handling also vary. To avoid the risk the amount of manual handling done by employees must be reduced or the workplace needs to be changed which eliminates lifting, carrying or minimize the use of it. Use of trolleys must be done on regular basis as they are safer to use also faster and convenient. Training for safety manual handling Training is provided to the employees to know the correct use of tools and handle the heavy equipments. Posters are attached at the workplace to remind the employees of the proper handling and proper use of tools and machine. All the equipments must be used safely and should be properly maintained and they must me supervised regularly (Conte, 2016). Work stations The workstation where the work is carried out must be clean and tidy to avoid any circumstances. Workstations include desk, chair, computer and telephone. To dispose of the unused data by keeping the desk clean this is also known as clear desk policy. Instructions are already given about how to use the workstation than it is needed to be followed. Employers must be co-operative with all these things. House Keeping The floors of the organization should be clear and clean to avoid slip or fall. Cables should be kept tidy and restricted to prevent them from becoming dangerous. To keep books and files at the height of the waist should try. Heavy materials should not be kept at the height of our level but it should be kept at level of the waist so that it can be easily carried out. Incident Reporting All incidents must be reported as soon as possible to the safety department to avoid reoccurrence, to implement control measures. In case of fire a fire alarm is activated. In case of fire emergency exits are used and all the employees are needed to assemble at the assembly point of the organization for the safety of the employees. Use of elevators is prohibited at the time of fire. Collect the personal belongings only if its manageable and can be done quickly and easily. Emergency evacuation plans are attached on the walls which guides the employees at the time of emergency exit. Fire drills are done in the organization at the specific point of time to help employees the better understanding of it at the time of evacuation. On each floor of the organization there are minimum of two fire wardens which help employees at high time. Safety Checklist To know the legal responsibility of the organization and ensure all the levels including the board receives the health and safety advice. First aid statement must be provided. Incident must be reported. Review and Audit Audit and inspection programme are kept in the organization quarterly to ensure the safety policy followed by the employee. Inspection and audit action plans are prepared. Identify the risk and risk assessment control. Understanding the risk and reading properly before act (Hawkins, 2014). Methodology A Research Study on Safety at Work place The performance of employee is important in organizational success. Organization should conduct training programs to improve employees performance as well as knowledge and skills. According to the policy employees feedback and experience are also important. The study has found an impact on health and safety to find employees performance effective. Method of Data Collection The data is collected on the basis of qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative data involves analysis, interviews with employees and the supervisors. The survey is done of the employees about the programs which are carried out. The data has been collected and then it is presented. But the data collected by superiors are in a structured manner. The quantitative data has been obtained from the books, newspapers, research articles, websites and magazines. Participants Involved: The participants involved in research will be the top level managers in a structured interview and in case of survey 20 employees will be included. The participants are necessary to make a review about the organizations policy. It is necessary to know the organizations policy is working according to the regulations of the organization. Sampling Method: The sampling method applied is Stratified sampling Method, as the employees are selected randomly, but on the basis of criteria. The person must be the employee of the particular organization. The employee must be having experience in the particular field. Independent and Dependent Variables: Employee motivation and satisfaction level of the employee is dependent variable, while the training program is independent variable. Instruments of Research Employed: The research will organize interviews with the managers of the organization, and will also conduct a survey on the employees working in the same. Also questionnaire is prepared for the survey. Method Data Analysis: The data collected through questionnaire and the interview will be analyzed by the descriptive method, as this will help in transforming raw data into a form, which in turn will help in easy and quick analysis and interpretation of the collected data. Time Duration of the Research: The interview will be conducted over telephone, and hence the collection of the data derived from the interview can be done in 4weeks, while the reviewing of the questionnaire and the collected data will take around 5weeks. Hence, the time required will be approximately two month. Once the data is analyzed, the final report will be sent to the organization. Potential limitations of the Research: The study is applicable to whole of the organization and industry. The time taken for performing research activity is limited. Effective arrangements are provided to workers for safety rules. Frequent health and safety trainings must be provided at least once in a year. Brainstorming sessions are conducted to avoid stressful situation. Induction is conducted for the workers to make them comfortable about the working environment. Proper training must be given to workers for avoiding accidents. Inspections are done regularly at the work place to ensure the higher level of safety. Conclusion It has been concluded that health and safety measures are given to workers according to the law. Workers are unaware about the safety rules as they lack knowledge in the specific area. Ideas are given to avoid accidents and improve safety measures. Employees should be satisfied with the regulations of the company. Co-ordination between management and the workers should be well maintained to improve safety measures. If a company chooses any procedure then it will help the company to follow the policy. The availability of management in this field is very important. Research Gaps: Most of the articles are reflecting on the importance of training programs which leads to increase in annual revenue of a concerned company. However, the research undertaken will help in the attraction of new employees, while also ensuring high maximum satisfaction of the workforce. Potential users of the Research: The potential users of the research will be the top level authorities so that the organization will be able to improve its training program. The main objective is to look after the health and safety measures of the employees of thee organization. To understand the workers at the workplace is necessary (Elsler, 2012). Identify activity of management who are playing an important role. Suggestions are given to the employees for improving safety in an organization. References Freivalds, A., Niebel, B. (2013).Niebel's Methods, Standards, Work Design. Mcgraw-Hill higher education. Hughes, P., Ferrett, E. (2015).Introduction to Health and Safety in Construction: For the NEBOSH National Certificate in Construction Health and Safety. Routledge. Landy, F. J., Conte, J. M. (2016).Work in the 21st Century, Binder Ready Version: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology. John Wiley Sons. Zanko, M., Dawson, P. (2012). Occupational health and safety management in organizations: A review.International Journal of Management Reviews,14(3), 328-344. Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W. (2014). A critical review of the Job Demands-Resources Model: Implications for improving work and health. InBridging occupational, organizational and public health(pp. 43-68). Springer Netherlands. Manu, P., Ankrah, N., Proverbs, D., Suresh, S. (2013). Mitigating the health and safety influence of subcontracting in construction: The approach of main contractors.International Journal of Project Management,31(7), 1017-1026. Santos, G., Barros, S., Mendes, F., Lopes, N. (2013). The main benefits associated with health and safety management systems certification in Portuguese small and medium enterprises post quality management system certification.Safety science,51(1), 29-36. Brauer, R. L. (2016).Safety and health for engineers. John Wiley Sons. Scanlon, K. A., Lloyd, S. M., Gray, G. M., Francis, R. A., LaPuma, P. (2015). An approach to integrating occupational safety and health into life cycle assessment: Development and application of work environment characterization factors.Journal of industrial ecology,19(1), 27-37. Urbach, D. R., Govindarajan, A., Saskin, R., Wilton, A. S., Baxter, N. N. (2014). Introduction of surgical safety checklists in Ontario, Canada.New England Journal of Medicine,370(11), 1029-1038. Wells, J., Hawkins, J. (2014). Promoting Construction Health and Safety through Procurement: A briefing note for developing countries. Goetsch, D. L. (2013).Construction safety and health. NJ: Pearson. Chang, C., Minkler, M., Salvatore, A. L., Lee, P. T., Gaydos, M., San Liu, S. (2013). Studying and addressing urban immigrant restaurant worker health and safety in San Franciscos Chinatown district: A CBPR case study.Journal of Urban Health,90(6), 1026-1040. Yoon, S. J., Lin, H. K., Chen, G., Yi, S., Choi, J., Rui, Z. (2013). Effect of occupational health and safety management system on work-related accident rate and differences of occupational health and safety management system awareness between managers in South Korea's construction industry.Safety and health at work,4(4), 201-209. Leppo, K., Ollila, E., Pena, S., Wismar, M., Cook, S. (2013). Health in all policies.Seizing opportunities, implementing policies. Helsinki, Finland: Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. Tombs, S., Whyte, D. (2013). Transcending the deregulation debate? Regulation, risk, and the enforcement of health and safety law in the UK.Regulation Governance,7(1), 61-79. Zhang, Peihua, Helen Lingard, Nick Blismas, Ron Wakefield, and Brian Kleiner. "Work-health and safety-risk perceptions of construction-industry stakeholders using photograph-based Q methodology."Journal of Construction Engineering and Management141, no. 5 (2014): 04014093. Eeckelaert, L., Dhondt, S., Oeij, P., Pot, F. D., Nicolescu, G. I., Webster, J., Elsler, D. (2012).Review of workplace innovation and its relation with occupational safety and health. Bilbao: European Agency for Safety and Health at Work.

Recruitment and Reward Management Management Practice

Questions: Write on two HR related topic for the following company that should be in 2000 words. HR Topic to be written on: 1. Recruitment includes: Recruitment Employer Branding Induction Labour Market Selection and Assessment 2. Reward Management includes: Reward Management Bonuses and Incentives Employee Benefits Pensions Salary Surveys Answers: Introduction This is a report on Human Resource Management in an Indian bank namely as HDFC. This is an Indian banking organization and a financial company. Headquarter is in Mumbai, India. The founder of the group is Mr. Hasmukhbhai Parekh in the year of 1994. The current CEO of the company is Aditya Puri, and the total assessment of the company is 6.8792 trillion INR. The production of the bank includes Investment banking, investment management, wealth banking, private banking, corporate banking, consumer banking, credit banking and finance and insurance. The current number of employees is approximately 77,220. The selected topics for the assignment are recruitment and reward management. This report will analyze recruitment, employer branding, induction, labor market, selection, and assessment. The reward management system will examine reward management, bonuses, incentives, employee benefits, pensions and salary survey. Recruitment process Recruitment Recruitment is a process of hiring appropriate candidates in a suitable position for the company. The method initiates with the selection and ends up with an appointment. Hiring process plays a vital role in position maintenance of the bank (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). Recruitment might be direct, or it may be indirect. The primary purpose is to create a talent pool of candidates to enable the selection of the best candidate for HDFC. The organization follows the steps for recruitment process: Application: This is the initial process of hiring. The bank first, checks for the total vacancy. Online application and traditional use both are available for HDFC bank. The job description is provided by the bank so that the candidate will come to know about the exact requirement of the organization (Renwick and Maguire 2013). The applicant applies for their good posts in the bank. The selection team sort lists all the eligible candidates then contact them for the first step of the entrance. Entrance examination: The next step is written the review and some time online aptitude test. Then the selected candidates are allowed to give the next written exam. In the case of online study, the eligible candidates give online exam from allotted center. Personal interview: Officially, this is the last step the shortlisted candidates are called for the final round personal interview. HDFC Bank prefers the student from mathematics and commerce background. Now they are recruiting a student from a different origin. According to the vacancy and the branding of the candidates, the interviewer selects the candidates. They are the finally hired. In interview interviewer, look at the entire presentation of the candidate. Along with his knowledge the posture, gesture, facial expression, body language and culture is also calculated (Bratton and Gold 2012). Figure 1: Recruitment process (Source: Kalleberg 2013, pp 897) Employer branding Employer branding is a process executed by the Human Resource department of HDFC. It includes the HR strategy in the business marketing process, innovation in the field of recruitment, change in career development, talent management, and excellence in the area of training. The bank organizes award functions according to the performance of the employees. There are different departments they perform various tasks. The company arranges training based on the fulfillment of the candidates. The employees who are unable to give a good performance hamper the entire function of the bank. According to the needs, the company provided training for those employees (Tyson 2014). The social structure, culture of the bank is very active towards the competitive marketplace. The HR department of the bank makes a nomination list. On a yearly basis, they provide award to the best employee of the company. On the other hand, the Global HR Excellence Award is presented based on the overall performance of t he bank. In the year of 2008, HDFC Bank received the employer brand of the year award (Wang and Wang 2014). The bank introduces much innovative and creative activity in the employee's performance that is unique than the others. From the discussion, it is transparent that, the employer branding is dependent on the overall performance of the company. The overall activity is the partly reliant on the fulfilment of the individual. Induction Induction session takes place after the recruitment method. The HR department of the bank makes this course. The HR executive gives an introduction to the banks background to newly arrived employees. Company policy, other rules, regulations are also described by the HR in details to them. Once the candidate selected for the job the annual package, the HR of the bank undertakes the joining details. The HR. describes the legal acts, laws the employees should follow during the office hour (Nickson 2013). Any wrong information provided by the HR during the induction session put bad impact on the employees. There is several adverse result of false induction given by the HR. The newly recruited employees get their first impression of the induction process. The description of the background of the bank should be mentioned in details to the employees so that the employees get a clear view of the company (Johnston and Marshall 2013). Labor market The labor market is the place of interaction between the workers and the workers of the bank. Here the employers can hire the best employees for the bank. The workers are capable of completing the task t satisfy the job. In every bank, the objective of the labor market is same. The aim is to highlight the concepts and the historical background of the labor protection in the organization and globally (Griffin 2013). The purpose of the labour market is to build a configuration of demand, quantity, supply and wages. Equilibrium of labor along with the market status is important to be balanced to calculate the position of the bank in the competitive marketplace. Workers cannot be a subject related to market forces (Banfield and Kay 2012). Selection and Assessment The HR department measures the performance level of individuals. In HDFC, the employees have an opportunity to evaluate themselves (Kittur et al. 2013). Again, after self-evaluation the company evaluates the performance of individual employees. The selected candidates are appropriate for the allotted position or not are assessed by evaluation test. This official test is also known as assessment test. The result of the examination decides whether the employee will have any promotion or not (Kittur et al. 2013). There is mainly two major recruitment process are maintained in HDFC bank. These are internal recruitment and external recruitment. Promotion, transfer methods are included in internal recruitment and selection of new candidates is external recruitment. Sometimes in the final interview round the interviewers are searched for references. It means if there are any references then the candidate got selected trough a natural selection procedure. Reward management system The reward management system analyzes different aspects related to reward management of HDFC bank, bonuses, incentives, employee benefits, pensions and annual salary survey. According to the performance of the employees the promotion, hike in salary is calculated. The HR department rewards the best performer of the company and the overall good performance rewards he entire company. The reward management system includes the entities such as- reward management, bonuses, incentives, employee benefits, pensions and salary survey (Hislop 2013). The finance department of the bank measures the reward management. Similarly, the HR department arranges the award ceremony. Bonuses The bonus payment is an additional amount calculated by the finance department of the bank. The overall performance of the bank and individual employee performance measures the amount of bonus. In HDFC, the bonus is provided for some pre-allotted period. The employees of HDFC get a bonus in the year ending. It is a kind of motivation to the employees. There are many branches of HDFC bank throughout India. The culture on which the bank is based on providing bonus on that predefined period. Again, on a performance basis, they also get bonus money (Snelgar, Renard and Venter 2013). Incentives The gift is different from incentives. Incentives are variable payment whereas bonus is a fixed amount given to the employees. Incentives depend on individual performance. The motivation is defined as a variable amount tied up with the fulfillment of the employees. Monthly salary is a mandatory award, but incentives are not necessary for the total employee. They do not provide the incentives to the junior level employees (Kalleberg 2013). In HDFC, incentives are calculated by the performance of the customer. HDFC gives one of the best incentives structure in the banking industry to the deserving candidates. The earning of the customers changes according to their changing performance level. In HDFC, the appraisal took place after six months. The hike depends on the critical parameters avail for the company itself. Apart from the performance level, there are certain other perspectives such as- culture, the behavior of the employee is also the parameters included in the measurement of t he incentives. The pension plan of HDFC is known as HDFC life guarantee pension plan (Stredwick 2013). There is a fixed amount added every -time called as promised addition. The key features of HDFC pension plan include the following: For each completed policy year there is an addition of 3% of the total sum assured. A lump sum vesting addition at vesting There is a choice of premium paying terms of sometimes 5 or 6 or 10 years. It guarantees death benefit that is equal to the total premium paid to date accumulated at the rate of 6% per annum. There are certain steps to be followed by the employees of the company and buy the account holders (Kalleberg 2013). Employee benefits HDFC is very much concern about the advantages of the employee. HDFC serves family health plan and women savings account. Compare to other private banks in India HDFC gives a better opportunity to the employees. The salary scale is better than the other bank. Some incentives are measured based on the performance of the employee. It includes the culture, behavior of the employees during the office hour. The lower level employees do not get the incentives (Stredwick 2013). The appraisal took place in the gap of six or seven months. They get the facility of pension that is not valid in most of the private banks. There is a bonus facility provided to the employees for motivation. Based on their performance level they get the incentives. These are the different aspects allotted to calculate the benefit of the employees (Hislop 2013). Pensions There are different survey reported that HDFC bank gives the best pension policy to the customers. After the death of the employee, the employee family will get the pension that is known as non-participating pension payment. The pension amount is dependent on the quantity of the salary of the employee. An active planning is necessary for the employee of the company. If the employee died then, the pension money would be provided to the family. The employees have the option to plan the vesting amount and to choose the premium amount. The entities that are closely related to the pension of HDFC are a revival, surrender, grace period, lactation, benefits and policy proceeds and paid up (Barbulescu and Bidwell 2013). The plan can be fulfilled by following certain terms and conditions. This idea can be taken only by a single life. They give a choice to the employees to select the year he or she wished to get the retirement. Based on the premium amount chosen by the employee the sum assured on the vesting. The customers can select the premium payment process according to their wish It might be annually or half yearly, or it may be quarterly. Sum assured on the vesting amount is the absolute amount of benefit that is guaranteed to become payable on vesting as per the terms and conditions are given in the policy of HDFC (Kittur et al. 2013). There is a time provided after the premium due date during which the system is considered to be in force with a covered risk. This plan a grace period of early 30 days in a year. The grace period f monthly frequency is 15 days from the premium due date. Annual salary survey The annual salary survey is a report analyzes salary data for all professional staff working for the bank (Griffin 2013). The annual salary survey includes the beginning, median, sex, experience year, median, average wages by race, geographic region, a professional position for research, law, and the medical libraries are covered. The annual survey measures the data related to the salary. The data are used to determine whether salaries rare competitive equitable across institutions and different personal characteristics (Banfield and Kay 2012). At the year ending, the employees get a fixed bonus amount. Figure 2: Annual Salary Survey (Source: Barbulescu and Bidwell 2013, pp 739) Conclusion After the overall analysis of this business report, it can be concluded that HDFC adopted recruitment process by following few steps including application, entrance examination, and personal interview. This research report analyzed the importance of employer branding for HDFC bank. It also discussed the advantage of induction, labor market, selection and assessment of HDFC. This report explicitly explained the advantage of reward management system which consists of bonuses, employee benefits, pensions, and annual salary survey. This reward management system automatically enhances the performance of the employees working in the bank. References Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's Handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Banfield, P. and Kay, R., 2012.Introduction to human resource management. Oxford University Press. Barbulescu, R. and Bidwell, M., 2013. Do women choose different jobs from men? Mechanisms of application segregation in the market for managerial workers.Organization Science,24(3), pp.737-756. Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Griffin, R., 2013.Fundamentals of management. Cengage Learning. Hislop, D., 2013.Knowledge management in organizations: A critical introduction. Oxford University Press. Johnston, M.W. and Marshall, G.W., 2013.Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge. Kalleberg, A.L., 2013. Book review symposium: Response to Reviews of Arne L Kalleberg, Good Jobs, Bad Jobs: The Rise of Polarized and Precarious Employment Systems in the United States, the 1970s to 2000s.Work, Employment Society,27(5), pp.896-898. Kittur, A., Nickerson, J.V., Bernstein, M., Gerber, E., Shaw, A., Zimmerman, J., Lease, M. and Horton, J., 2013, February. The future of crowd work. InProceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work(pp. 1301-1318). ACM. Nickson, D., 2013.Human resource management for hospitality, tourism, and events. Routledge. Renwick, D.W., Redman, T. and Maguire, S., 2013. Green human resource management: a review and research agenda*.International Journal of Management Reviews,15(1), pp.1-14. Snelgar, R.J., Renard, M. and Venter, D., 2013. An empirical study of the reward preferences of South African employees.SA Journal of Human Resource Management,11(1), pp.14-pages. Stredwick, J., 2013.An introduction to human resource management. Routledge. Tyson, S., 2014.Essentials of human resource management. Routledge. Wang, S., Noe, R.A. and Wang, Z.M., 2014. Motivating knowledge sharing in knowledge management systems a quasifield experiment.Journal of Management,40(4), pp.978-1009. Wilton, N., 2013.An introduction to human resource management. Sage.

Trigger Effect (movie review) Essay Example For Students

Trigger Effect (movie review) Essay The Trigger Effect Kyle MacLachlan, Elizabeth Shue, and Dermot Mulroney star in this West Coast power-outage thriller. Telephones, broadcast signals, and all things electric flicker out in seven US states, but all 50 states become targets of writer/director David Koepps social themes. Koepp, author of scripts for Apartment Zero and Carlitos Way, asserts several nicely focused messages about our societys lack of trust in team work and neighbors, as well as our reliance on the immediate sense of protection firearms provide. Koepp also makes his directoral debut here, revealing a sharp eye for drama, yet making less than satisfactory use of his locations. The final product is a thoughtful picture that is unusual for its genre. This is a complicated story. The story begins with a tiff at a local movie house between a young couple and a pair of men over a spilled soft drink. The scenario is staged in such a way that we have difficulty understanding the gradual rise in hostilities between the two parties, and begin to wonder if they themselves understand the discord. After this apparent non-event, the couple go home. Matt and Annie (the couple, played by MacLachlan and Shue) awaken having lost operation of all household utilities, including television and radio. Annie discovers that their infant girl has another ear infection, so Matt goes to local pharmacy to get the childs usual antibiotic. There, Matt is involved in yet another altercation. He and Annie are soon joined by Joe (Mulroney), an old friend who brings rumor of looting and shootings going on in the city. Annie suggests a sort of slumber party for the three adults. Koepp then uses a sexual tension between Joe and Annie to magnify the miscommunication in Matt and Annies marriage. Events get wilder still, so these three decide that their neighborhood is no longer safe, and hit the road to escape the city. Several characters pass up opportunities to place their trust in others decisions that always lead to t he worst possible scenario. Koepp says his concern was with the role of masculinity in the modern age. His point is made clear when Matt gets called a stud twice; once when he steals from a store, and a second time as congratulations for his purchase of a rifle. Koepps narration suggests that harmony is found only when opposing forces find the courage to lay down their arms and solve problems together. In a larger context, he feels that such teamwork is also the requirement of a society so dependent on technologies that may fail without warning, the very setting of his picture. Our society has become so technologically advanced that no one person can fully grasp how everything works, he cautions. We must trust other people to understand and maintain the devices that affect so much of our lives. The alternative, as he warns during the films opening shot of wolves tearing at a carcass in the moonlight, is a more primitive existence than most of us would choose. While Koepps themes are propelled gracefully, the story itself becomes a bit of a tease. Each sequence feels like a prelude to terror of epic size. And once the main characters enter the broader landscape of the countryside, Koepp has his canvas for enlarging his storytelling. Instead, he shrinks the drama, and we feel as if were watching a modern morality play rather than a film. Nevertheless, The Trigger Effect will never lose your interest. Koepps clever commentary on our relationship to both guns and neighbors is more satisfying than themes typically found in todays thrillers. The troupe, which includes Bill Smitrovich, Michael Rooker, and Richard T. Jones, furthers the cause with believable portraits of panic. We will write a custom essay on Trigger Effect (movie review) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page .udd939c540749523afccd4f9434a18401 , .udd939c540749523afccd4f9434a18401 .postImageUrl , .udd939c540749523afccd4f9434a18401 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udd939c540749523afccd4f9434a18401 , .udd939c540749523afccd4f9434a18401:hover , .udd939c540749523afccd4f9434a18401:visited , .udd939c540749523afccd4f9434a18401:active { border:0!important; } .udd939c540749523afccd4f9434a18401 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udd939c540749523afccd4f9434a18401 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udd939c540749523afccd4f9434a18401:active , .udd939c540749523afccd4f9434a18401:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udd939c540749523afccd4f9434a18401 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udd939c540749523afccd4f9434a18401 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udd939c540749523afccd4f9434a18401 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udd939c540749523afccd4f9434a18401 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udd939c540749523afccd4f9434a18401:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udd939c540749523afccd4f9434a18401 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udd939c540749523afccd4f9434a18401 .udd939c540749523afccd4f9434a18401-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udd939c540749523afccd4f9434a18401:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mearns and Thorne Essay Order now

Free Essays on Ralph Ellison

Ralph Ellison’s â€Å"Invisible Man† Ralph Ellison’s â€Å"Invisible Man† is an excellent novel. Ellison shocked many with his talent and skill. He dealt with the whole inner problem of the Negro as a person, instead of dealing with a racial discriminated group. Ellison went beyond mere protest to insure that he would be taken seriously by whites as an intellectual writer. Ellison said, â€Å"I wasn’t, and am not, concerned with injustice but with art.† Because of this, there were a lot of critical responses to his work. William Barrrett was one of the many people that responded to Ralph Ellison’s â€Å"Invisible Man.† At the beginning of the story, the hero’s grandfather, who is on his deathbed, tells him that their life is a war and tells him to keep up the good fight. Later on, the hero and nine other Negro boys are at a ballroom with the leading citizens of a small southern town. The boys watched a naked white woman, with a tattoo of the American flag, dance. Then, the Negro boys are blindfolded and placed in a boxing ring to fight each other. After the fight is over, the Negro boys scramble for their money, which is lying on an electrified rug. Then the hero, with a mouth full of blood, gives his valedictorian’s address. The white citizens laugh at him and make him repeat himself several times during his speech. However, he receives a briefcase with a scholarship to a Negro college. That night, the hero has a nightmare. He dreams that his grandfather tells him to open his briefcase. When he opened it, he found a letter that said, â€Å"Keep this Nigger boy running.† The hero calls his home a hole. It is a basement that is illuminated with 1,369 lights. The lights are strung all over the ceiling. He listens to Louis Armstrong’s â€Å"What Did I Do to Be So Black and Blue.† He states that the blues express both the agony in life and the possibility of overcoming it. The hero refuses to take resp... Free Essays on Ralph Ellison Free Essays on Ralph Ellison Ralph Ellison’s â€Å"Invisible Man† Ralph Ellison’s â€Å"Invisible Man† is an excellent novel. Ellison shocked many with his talent and skill. He dealt with the whole inner problem of the Negro as a person, instead of dealing with a racial discriminated group. Ellison went beyond mere protest to insure that he would be taken seriously by whites as an intellectual writer. Ellison said, â€Å"I wasn’t, and am not, concerned with injustice but with art.† Because of this, there were a lot of critical responses to his work. William Barrrett was one of the many people that responded to Ralph Ellison’s â€Å"Invisible Man.† At the beginning of the story, the hero’s grandfather, who is on his deathbed, tells him that their life is a war and tells him to keep up the good fight. Later on, the hero and nine other Negro boys are at a ballroom with the leading citizens of a small southern town. The boys watched a naked white woman, with a tattoo of the American flag, dance. Then, the Negro boys are blindfolded and placed in a boxing ring to fight each other. After the fight is over, the Negro boys scramble for their money, which is lying on an electrified rug. Then the hero, with a mouth full of blood, gives his valedictorian’s address. The white citizens laugh at him and make him repeat himself several times during his speech. However, he receives a briefcase with a scholarship to a Negro college. That night, the hero has a nightmare. He dreams that his grandfather tells him to open his briefcase. When he opened it, he found a letter that said, â€Å"Keep this Nigger boy running.† The hero calls his home a hole. It is a basement that is illuminated with 1,369 lights. The lights are strung all over the ceiling. He listens to Louis Armstrong’s â€Å"What Did I Do to Be So Black and Blue.† He states that the blues express both the agony in life and the possibility of overcoming it. The hero refuses to take resp...

Do we still need library Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Do we still need library - Essay Example Library users themselves have developed an appreciation for knowledge as well as information making more adept than their predecessors do. Institutions, particularly academic and medical, and communities have to determine the relevance of libraries given the new age technology that makes it possible to have open access. Such relevance can be determined by identifying what the expectations of the modern-day world are given that the internet platform has wider reach and content especially concerning next generation applications (Watstein and Mitchell 182). Academic libraries are described as the measure of the character and efficiency of universities that is depending on how they are ‘treated’. In a university, a library should have the most complete provision and be maintained properly as it is the most valuable equipment. Every piece of work produced at a university directly depends on a library as the research centre and indirectly a library is useful for educational wo rks. Even with scientific research, a library is needed for gathering of information just as much as the laboratory is needed for data collection. With humanistic research, a library is fundamental as it takes on the purpose of both library and laboratory. The learning process in higher education institutions is dependent on the library tools as the library is second in importance to the lecturers. The library tools refer to a variety of sources of information including journals, books and newspaper articles with scholarly information (Joshi 24). Gonzalez et al compare academic libraries to science laboratories, as they are equally open to experimentation. This means they can remain relevant if businesses and academic institutions embrace innovation concerning service delivery. For instance, the University of Maryland and the College of Information Services collaborated to create the Virtual Business Information Centre that is a website providing single process access to both print and electronic media, as well as guidance in choice of databases, specific and general search strategies, plus links to chat reference and emails. This collaboration is essential, as it is not possible for an academic institution to carry on alone the responsibility of developing along with insuring information literacy proficiency, with its faculty and students. A specialized website makes it possible to have enhanced services as well as save on costs as the need for staff and resources, along with costly parallel systems is eliminated. Albeit, it is crucial to note that innovation can only be relevant in so far as the needs of the users are responded to in a timely and effective manner. The needs of the users can be developed by creating a wider information base that in turn expands their knowledge and makes them want further services (Gonzalez et al 233). Libraries are seen as a tool for enriching knowledge already gained in the classroom by students, where having a structure set aside for this sole purpose becomes integral. At the same time, public libraries are seen as a meeting point for students to convene and share their learning experiences as well as offer each other assistance with regard to research and general gathering of information. More often than not, teachers and lecturers will give out-group assignments and students